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The model integrates climate projections to adjust variables like rainfall, runoff, and crop water requirements, allowing it to reflect climate change impacts on both sides of the water balance.

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What is the primary function of the OnePlanet Toolkit?

A | To simulate WEF policy scenarios through interactive tools and models.

B | To visualize GDP and trade flows.

C | The model requires additional indicators.

D | Stakeholder judgments are logically inconsistent and must be revised.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option A.

The Toolkit contains simulation tools (like OneSim) and serious games (like OnePlay) that help users explore the consequences of different policy choices on WEF systems.

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In AHP, what does a consistency ratio (CR) above 0.1 mean?

A | The pairwise matrix is ready to be finalized.

B | Stakeholder input was too uniform.

C | The model requires additional indicators.

D | Stakeholder judgments are logically inconsistent and must be revised.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option D.

A CR above 0.1 signals inconsistency in how indicators were rated against each other (e.g., preferring A to B, B to C, but C over A), which must be corrected for valid weighting.

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What makes system dynamics modeling especially suited to the WEF Nexus?

A | It focuses on sectoral independence for clarity.

B | It excludes uncertainty from projections.

C | It models interactions, feedbacks, and time delays across interdependent sectors.

D | It uses static baseline conditions.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option C.

The WEF Nexus involves complex interdependencies—system dynamics is designed to simulate feedback-rich, nonlinear systems over time.

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Why does the water model prioritize irrigated agriculture over rainfed systems?

A | Rainfed yields are too variable to model.

B | Irrigation consumes the largest share of water in agriculture.

C | Irrigated crops are easier to grow.

D | Irrigation is more profitable.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option B.

Because irrigation is a major water consumer, modeling it allows better insight into demand pressures and how they might respond to climate or policy shifts.

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Which factor determines energy accessibility in the IWEF Index?

A | Total installed megawatts.

B | Energy prices in the global market.

C | Fuel mix in national energy policy.

D | Percentage of population with access to electricity or modern energy.

Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option D.

Energy accessibility is defined as the share of the population with reliable access to energy services—a crucial component of sustainable development.

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How does the OnePlanet model estimate regional GDP in data-scarce areas?

A | It uses rainfall data as a proxy for productivity.

B | It removes GDP from the analysis entirely.

C | It downscales national GDP using spatial proxies like population and nightlights.

D | It assumes GDP is constant across regions.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option C.

Where local GDP data are lacking, the model uses proxies such as satellite-observed luminance and population to spatially downscale national economic data.

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What insight do radar (spider) charts provide in the IWEF tool?

A | They track real-time energy use.

B | They visualize the balance or imbalance among different WEF indicators.

C | They map stakeholder priorities geographically.

D | They show population growth over time.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option B.

Radar charts help visualize how balanced the performance is across WEF sectors. A circular shape indicates balanced performance, while distortions show sectoral weaknesses or trade-offs.

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In system dynamics, what is a “stock”?

A | A financial reserve for infrastructure.

B | A predicted trend over time.

C | A fixed value for comparison.

D | An accumulation that changes via inflows and outflows.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option D.

A stock is a key system component that represents an accumulation (e.g., water stored in a basin) and is influenced by rates of input and output.

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Which crops are included in the water model’s demand calculations?

A | All food crops regardless of irrigation status.

B | Only drought-resistant native species.

C | Irrigated crops with measurable water requirements.

D | Crops with global trade relevance.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option C.

The model specifically includes irrigated crops because their water needs can be quantified based on land area and crop type, making them crucial for water demand estimates.

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What does a high Composite Nexus Index score represent?

A | Strong and balanced performance across water, energy, and food indicators.

B | An emphasis on GDP-driven outcomes.

C | Sectoral specialization in renewable energy.

D | High infrastructure investment without efficiency.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option A.

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In system dynamics modeling, what role do feedback loops play?

A | They remove uncertainty by stabilizing outputs.

B | They prevent causal cycles from forming.

C | They isolate sectors to reduce complexity.

D | They allow variables to influence one another through interconnected pathways.

Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

The correct answer is Option D.

Feedback loops are the core of system dynamics. They let one variable (e.g. water availability) impact another (e.g. food output), which in turn can feed back into the original variable.

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In the water module, which sector’s demand is influenced by both population size and per capita consumption?

Agricultural irrigation

Industrial cooling

Domestic water use

Livestock hydration

The correct answer is Option C.

Domestic water demand is modeled as a function of population and per capita use, making it sensitive to demographic and behavioral shifts.

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What method does the IWEF tool use to quantify stakeholder preferences between indicators?

A | It brings different units (e.g., %, m³, kcal) onto a common scale for comparison.

B | It eliminates seasonal variability.

C | It converts all indicators into monetary values.

D | It allows the exclusion of outliers for cleaner results.

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Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

Correct answer is Option B.

The IWEF tool uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which asks stakeholders to compare pairs of indicators and rate their relative importance, generating a weighted matrix.

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Why is normalization essential before aggregating IWEF indicators?

A | It brings different units (e.g., %, m³, kcal) onto a common scale for comparison.

B | It eliminates seasonal variability.

C | It converts all indicators into monetary values.

D | It allows the exclusion of outliers for cleaner results.

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What does it mean that GDP and population are modeled "endogenously" in the OnePlanet socio-economic model?

A | They are set manually using expert consensus.

B | They are removed from causal feedbacks to simplify the system.

C | They are fixed inputs based on UN forecasts.

D | They respond dynamically to internal system conditions like resource availability.

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